Silenced Archive of the Holodomor: The Ukrainian Civil Committee for Saving Ukraine, Transnational Humanitarianism, and Networks of National Compassion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21226/ewjus701Keywords:
Holodomor, famine and terror, transnational humanitarianism, national compassion, silenced archive, Ukrainian Civil Committee for Saving UkraineAbstract
It is a commonly held contention among scholars that the Great Ukrainian Famine of 1932–33—denied by the Soviet authorities while it was happening—received no relief in the form of organized international humanitarian aid. Thus, accounts of the famine rarely (if ever) feature a humanitarian narrative. By analyzing the activity of the Ukrainian Civil Committee for Saving Ukraine (Ukraїns'kyi Hromads'kyi Komitet Riatunku Ukraïny), this article challenges such views, as it situates interwar famine-related humanitarianism within the context of small-scale ethnic aid committees working in the interests of the starving across Europe. The records of the Ukrainian Committee stored at the National Library of Poland, as a group, constitute the “silenced archive of the Holodomor”—namely, scattered evidence of the famine that has been affected by displacement and erasure. Analyzing these largely understudied materials, this article argues that the official denial of the famine triggered the deployment of a transnational humanitarian narrative based on what the author calls “national compassion”—a moral duty and obligation uniting Ukrainians across borders. The article, moreover, points to the importance of situated knowledge, information networks, and documentation as tools in countering acts of violence and the power of repressive regimes.
Downloads
References
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Verso, 1983.
Andriewsky, Olga. “Towards a Decentred History: The Study of the Holodomor and Ukrainian Historiography.” Ukrainian Famine of 1932–33, the Holodomor, special issue of East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies [Edmonton and Toronto], Oleh S. Ilnytzkyj, editor-in-chief, Frank Sysyn and Andrij Makuch, guest editors, vol. 2, no. 1, 2015, published 23 Jan. 2015, pp. 18–52, https://doi.org/10.21226/T2301N. Accessed 7 Nov. 2023.
Applebaum, Anne. Red Famine: Stalin’s War on Ukraine. Doubleday, 2017.
Arnold, David. Famine: Social Crisis and Historical Change. Basil Blackwell, 1991. New Perspectives on the Past, R. I. Moore, general editor.
Balan, Jars. “Reportazhi Ria Klaiman z podorozhi po skhidnii Ukraïni i Kubani naprykintsi lita 1932 r.” Ukraïna Moderna [Lviv], 22 Nov. 2014, uamoderna.com/shafka-dok/balan-rhea-clyman-holodomor/. Accessed 20 Nov. 2022, Shafka z dokumentamy—arkhiv.
Bassow, Whitman. The Moscow Correspondents: Reporting on Russia from the Revolution to Glasnost. Paragon House, 1989.
Boriak, Hennadii. “Population Losses in the Holodomor and the Destruction of Related Archives: New Archival Evidence.” After the Holodomor: The Enduring Impact of the Great Famine on Ukraine, edited by Andrea Graziosi et al., Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard U, 2013, pp. 199–215. Distributed by Harvard UP, Harvard Papers in Ukrainian Studies.
Brubaker, Rogers. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge UP, 1996.
Cameron, Sarah. The Hungry Steppe: Famine, Violence, and the Making of Soviet Kazakhstan. Cornell UP, 2018.
Campbell, Ian W. “The Scourge of Stock Raising: Zhŭt, Limiting Environments, and the Economic Transformation of the Kazakh Steppe.” Eurasian Environments: Nature and Ecology in Imperial Russian and Soviet History, edited by Nicholas B. Breyfogle, U of Pittsburgh P, 2018, pp. 60–74. Russian and East European Studies, edited by Jonathan Harris.
Caswell, Michelle. Archiving the Unspeakable: Silence, Memory, and the Photographic Record in Cambodia. U of Wisconsin P, 2014. Critical Human Rights, edited by Steve J. Stern and Scott Straus.
Cipko, Serge. Starving Ukraine: The Holodomor and Canada’s Response. U of Regina P, 2018.
Comitetul Ukrainian. “Vid Ukraïn. Dopomohovoho Komitetu v Rumuniï.” Vistnyk [Lviv], vol. 2, no. 4, Apr. 1933, p. 319.
Conquest, Robert. The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. Oxford UP, 1986.
Corporaal, Marguérite, and Ingrid de Zwarte. “Heritages of Hunger: European Famine Legacies in Current Academic Debates.” International Journal of Heritage Studies, vol. 28, no. 1, 2022, pp. 30–43. Taylor and Francis Online, 7 Jan. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2020.1869579. Accessed 8 Nov. 2023, PDF download.
Czech, Mirosław, and Ola Hnatiuk. “Reactions to the 1932–33 Holodomor by Ukrainians in Interwar Europe: New Discoveries and Sources.” Documenting the Famine of 1932–33 in Ukraine: Archival Collections on the Holodomor Outside the Former Soviet Union / Dokumentuvannia Holodomoru 1932–33 v Ukraïni: Arkhivni kolektsiï za mezhamy Radians'koho Soiuzu, special issue of Ukraїna Moderna [Kharkiv and Lviv], Yaroslav Hrytsak, founding editor, Gelinada Grinchenko, editor-in-chief, Marta Baziuk and Myroslav Shkandrij, guest editors, no. 30, spring-summer 2021, pp. 325–43.
David-Fox, Michael. Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921–1941. Oxford UP, 2012.
Davis, Mike. Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World. Verso, 2017.
Dromi, Shai M. “For Good and Country: Nationalism and the Diffusion of Humanitarianism in the Late Nineteenth Century.” Fielding Transnationalism, edited by Julian Go and Monika Krause, Wiley Blackwell [John Wiley and Sons] / The Sociological Review, 2016, pp. 79–97. The Sociological Review Monographs: vol. 64, no. 2. Wiley Online Library, https://doi.org/10.1002/2059-7932.12003. Accessed 8 Nov. 2023.
Edele, Mark. Debates on Stalinism. Manchester UP, 2020. Issues in Historiography.
Edkins, Jenny. Whose Hunger? Concepts of Famine, Practices of Aid. U of Minnesota P, 2000. Borderlines 17.
Engerman, David C. Modernization from the Other Shore: American Intellectuals and the Romance of Russian Development. Harvard UP, 2004.
Etkind, Alexander, et al. Remembering Katyń. Polity Press, 2012.
Fonzi, Paolo. “Non-Soviet Perspectives on the Great Famine: A Comparative Analysis of British, Italian, Polish, and German Sources.” Soviet Famines of 1930–1933, special issue of Nationalities Papers [Cambridge], vol. 48, no. 3, May 2020, pp. 444–59. Cambridge Core, 16 Dec. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.27. Accessed 8 Nov. 2023.
Gamache, Ray. “Breaking Eggs for a Holodomor: Walter Duranty, The New York Times, and the Denigration of Gareth Jones.” Journalism History, vol. 39, no. 4, winter 2014, pp. 208–18. Taylor and Francis Online, 4 June 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2014.12062918. Accessed 9 Nov. 2023.
Götz, Norbert, et al. Humanitarianism in the Modern World: The Moral Economy of Famine Relief. Cambridge UP, 2020.
Graf-Stuhlhofer, Franz. “Der Gau-Akt über Kardinal Theodor Innitzer: Einblicke in Konflikte und Stimmungslage während des Zweiten 2. Weltkriegs” [“The Gau File on Cardinal Theodor Innitzer: Insights into Conflicts and Mood during World War II”]. Österreich in Geschichte und Literatur [Austria in History and Literature (Vienna)], vol. 55, no. 2, 2011, pp. 148–56.
Graziosi, Andrea, and Frank E. Sysyn, editors. Communism and Hunger: The Ukrainian, Chinese, Kazakh, and Soviet Famines in Comparative Perspective. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies P, 2016.
Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy. “Documenting Nazi Cultural Looting and Postwar Retrieval: Surviving Archives of the Einzatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR).” Launch of the online publication Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder: A Guide to the Dispersed Archives of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) and the Postwar Retrieval of ERR Loot. Cultural Plunder during the Second World War, 19 Oct. 2011, Jewish Historical Museum, Amsterdam. Presented paper.
Grynevych, Liudmyla. “The Present State of Ukrainian Historiography on the Holodomor and Prospects for Its Development.” The Holodomor of 1932–33: Papers from the 75th-Anniversary Conference on the Ukrainian Famine-Genocide; University of Toronto, November 1, 2007, special issue of The Harriman Review [New York], Andrij Makuch, guest editor, vol. 16, no. 2, Nov. 2008, pp. 10–20. Columbia: Academic Commons, 7 Jan. 2021, https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-enqm-hy61. Accessed 9 Nov. 2023.
Halilovich, Hariz. “Re-imaging and Re-imagining the Past after ‘Memoricide’: Intimate Archives as Inscribed Memories of the Missing.” Affect and the Archive, Archives and Their Affects, special issue of Archival Science, Anne J. Gilliland and Marika Cifor, guest editors, vol. 16, no. 1, Mar. 2016, pp. 77–92. SpringerLink, 20 Oct. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-015-9258-0. Accessed 9 Nov. 2023.
Hollander, Paul. Political Pilgrims: Travels of Western Intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba, 1928–1978. UP of America, 1990.
Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E. State Food Crimes. Cambridge UP, 2016.
“HREC Online Holodomor Photo Directory.” HREC, holodomor.ca/hrec-special-collections/hrec-photo-directory/. Accessed 12 Nov. 2023, Resources.
Jones, Heather. “International or Transnational? Humanitarian Action during the First World War.” Transnational Spaces in History, special issue of European Review of History / Revue européenne d’histoire, vol. 16, no. 5, Oct. 2009, pp. 697–713. Taylor and Francis Online, 20 Oct. 2009, https://doi.org/10.1080/13507480903262702. Accessed 9 Nov. 2023.
Kinealy, Christine. Charity and the Great Hunger in Ireland: The Kindness of Strangers. Bloomsbury Academic, 2013.
———. This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine, 1845–52. Gill and Macmillan, 2006.
Klid, Bohdan. “Empire-Building, Imperial Policies, and Famine in Occupied Territories and Colonies.” Empire, Colonialism, and Famine in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, special issue of East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies [Edmonton and Toronto], Svitlana (Lana) Krys, editor-in-chief, Klid, guest editor, vol. 8, no. 1, 2021, published 28 Apr. 2021, pp. 11–32, https://doi.org/10.21226/ewjus634. Accessed 9 Nov. 2023.
Kotkin, Stephen. “The State—Is It Us? Memoirs, Archives, and Kremlinologists.” The Russian Review [Columbus, OH], edited by Eve Levin et al., vol. 61, no. 1, Jan. 2002, pp. 35–51. Wiley Online Library, 17 Dec. 2002, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9434.00204. Accessed 9 Nov. 2023.
Kravets', Danylo. Za Zbruchem: Zakhidnoukraїns'ka hromads'ko-politychna dumka pro Radians'ku Ukraїnu (1920–1930-ti rr.); Monohrafiia. Lvivs'ka Natsional'na Naukova Biblioteka Ukraїny im. V. Stefanyka, 2016.
Kulchytsky, Stanislav. The Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine: An Anatomy of the Holodomor. Translated from the Ukrainian by Ali Kinsella, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies P, 2018.
Kuromiya, Hiroaki. “The Holodomor in the Light of Japanese Documents.” Documenting the Famine of 1932–33 in Ukraine: Archival Collections on the Holodomor Outside the Former Soviet Union / Dokumentuvannia Holodomoru 1932–33 v Ukraïni: Arkhivni kolektsiï za mezhamy Radians'koho Soiuzu, special issue of Ukraїna Moderna [Kharkiv and Lviv], Yaroslav Hrytsak, founding editor, Gelinada Grinchenko, editor-in-chief, Marta Baziuk and Myroslav Shkandrij, guest editors, no. 30, spring-summer 2021, pp. 120–130.
Kuśnierz, Robert. Ukraina w latach kolektywizacji i Wielkiego Głodu (1929–1933). Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 2012.
Laqueur, Thomas W. “Bodies, Details, and the Humanitarian Narrative.” The New Cultural History, edited and with an introduction by Lynn Hunt, U of California P, 1989, pp. 176–204. Studies on the History of Society and Culture 6, edited by Victoria E. Bonnell and Hunt. Oxford Academic, published online 24 May 2012, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520064287.003.0008. Accessed 6 Mar. 2025, California Scholarship Online.
Levyts'kyi, Dmytro, et al. “Byimo u velykyi dzvin na trіvohu!” 25 July 1933. Dilo [Lviv], no. 212, Mon., 14 Aug. 1933, p. 1. Digital copy can be accessed in Arkhivy Ukraïny, old.archives.gov.ua/Sections/32-33/I-F/index.php, Holodomor 1932–1933 rr.: Dokumenty Derzharkhivu Ivano-Frankivs'koï Oblasti.
Lowry, James, editor. Displaced Archives. Routledge, 2017. Taylor and Francis Online, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315577609. Accessed 9 Nov. 2023.
Matwijów, Maciej. “Ewakuacja zbiorów polskich ze Lwowa w 1944 roku.” Rocznik Lwowski, 1995–1996, edited by Janusz Szymański, Instytut Lwowski Warszawa, 1996, pp. 31–46. Vol. 4 of Rocznik Lwowski, 1991– .
Misiło, Eugeniusz. Eugeniusz Misiło. 2018–23, emisilo.pl/2018/10/archiwum-naukowego-towarzystwa-im-szewczenki/. Acessed 12 Nov. 2023.
Mudryi, Vasyl'. Lykholittia Ukrainy. Ukrains'kyi Hromads'kyi Komitet Riatunku Ukraїny, 1933. Digital copy can be accessed in Ukrainica: Elektronna biblioteka “Ukraïnika” / Electronic Library “Ukrainica,” Natsional'na Biblioteka Ukraïny imeni V. I. Vernads'koho, irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/ua/elib.exe.
Muggeridge, Malcolm. Chronicles of Wasted Time: An Autobiography. Foreword by Ian Hunter, Regent College Publishing, 2006.
Ó Gráda, Cormac. “Eating People Is Wrong” and Other Essays on Famine, Its Past, and Its Future. Princeton UP, 2015.
“Olgerd Bochkovsky, Édouard Herriot, and the Holodomor.” HREC, holodomor.ca/resource/olgerd-bochkovsky-edouard-herriot-and-the-holodomor/. Accessed 20 Nov. 2023.
Olliff, Louise. “From Resettled Refugees to Humanitarian Actors: Refugee Diaspora Organizations and Everyday Humanitarianism.” Everyday Humanitarianism: Ethics, Affects, and Practices, special issue of New Political Science, vol. 40, no. 4, 2018, pp. 658–74. Taylor and Francis Online, 25 Oct. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2018.1528059. Accessed 9 Nov. 2023, PDF download.
Papuha, Iaroslav. “Chomu Zakhid ne vystupyv na zakhyst ukraïntsiv, znaiuchy pro Holod 33-ho?” Lokal'na Istoriia, 1 Dec. 2020, 16:27, localhistory.org.ua/texts/statti/chomu-zakhid-ne-vistupiv-na-zakhist-ukrayintsiv-znaiuchi-pro-golod-33-go/. Accessed 20 Nov. 2022, Teksty, Statti.
———. Zakhidna Ukraïna i Holodomor 1932–1933 rokiv: Moral'no-politychna i material'na dopomoha postrazhdalym. Vydavnytstvo “Astroliabiia,” 2008.
Patenaude, Bertrand M. The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921. Stanford UP, 2002.
“Report on Famine in Ukraine.” New York Herald Tribune, 2 Oct. 1933, p. 9.
Robbins, Richard G., Jr. Famine in Russia, 1891–1892: The Imperial Government Responds to a Crisis. Columbia UP, 1975.
Rudnyts'ka, Milena. “Borot'ba za pravdu pro Velykyi Holod.” Svoboda [Jersey City], nos. 134–52, 16 July–9 Aug. 1958, p. 2 [in each issue]. Digital copy can be accessed in Svoboda: Hazeta ukraïns'koï diiaspory, archive.svoboda-news.com/pdf-1958/.
Rudnytskyi, Omelian, et al. “Demography of a Man-Made Human Catastrophe: The Case of Massive Famine in Ukraine 1932–1933.” Canadian Studies in Population [Edmonton], edited by Frank Trovato, Wendy Aujla, assistant editor, vol. 42, nos. 1–2, spring-summer 2015, published online 2 Apr. 2015, pp. 53–80, https://doi.org/10.25336/P6FC7G. Accessed 11 Nov. 2023.
Rusova, Sofiia, and Kharytyna Kononenko. “Holod na Ukraini.” Tryzub [Paris], nos. 2–3, 6 Jan. 1933, pp. 36–39. Digital copy can be accessed in Diasporiana.org.ua: Elektronna biblioteka, diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/29429/file.pdf.
Sasson, Tehila. “From Empire to Humanity: The Russian Famine and the Imperial Origins of International Humanitarianism.” Journal of British Studies [Cambridge], vol. 55, no. 3, July 2016, pp. 519–37. Cambridge Core, 10 June 2016, https://doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2016.57. Accessed 10 Nov. 2023, PDF download.
Schwarz, Birgit. Hitlers Museum: Die Fotoalben Gemäldegalerie Linz; Dokumente zum “Führermuseum” [Hitler’s Museum: The Gemäldegalerie Linz Photo Albums; Documents on the “Führer Museum”]. Böhlau Verlag, 2004.
Serbyn, Roman, compiler and editor. “The Great Famine of 1933 and the Ukrainian Lobby at the League of Nations and the International Red-Cross.” Holodomor Studies [Idyllwild, CA], edited by Serbyn, vol. 1, no. 1, winter-spring 2009, pp. 91–133. Instytut Istoriї Ukraїny, Natsional'na Akademiia Nauk Ukraїny, history.org.ua/LiberUA/HolSt1_2009/HolSt1_2009.pdf. Accessed 10 Nov. 2023.
Shkandrij, Myroslav. “Ukrainianization, Terror and Famine: Coverage in Lviv’s Dilo and the Nationalist Press of the 1930s.” Nationalities Papers [Cambridge], vol. 40, no. 3, May 2012, pp. 431–51. Taylor and Francis Online, 4 May 2012, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/00905992.2012.674504. Accessed 10 Nov. 2023.
Snyder, Timothy. Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. Basic Books, 2012.
Stoler, Ann Laura. Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense. Princeton UP, 2010.
———. “Colonial Archives and the Arts of Governance.” Archival Science, vol. 2, nos. 1–2, Mar. 2002, pp. 87–109. Springer Link, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02435632. Accessed 10 Nov. 2023.
Svarnyk, Halyna. Arkhivni ta rukopysni zbirky Naukovoho Tovarystva im. Shevchenka v Natsional'nii Bibliotetsi u Varshavi: Kataloh-informator. Iaroslav Dashkevych, scholarly editor, Vydavnytstvo “Ukraïns'kyi Arkhiv” / Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 2005. Chtyvo: Elektronna biblioteka, shron1.chtyvo.org.ua/Svarnyk_Halyna/Arkhivni_ta_rukopysni_zbirky_Naukovoho_tovarystva_im_Shevchenka_v_Natsionalnii_bibliotetsi_u_Varshav.pdf. Accessed 10 Nov. 2023.
Tkachuk, Olga. “Archiwum Towarzystwa Naukowego im. Tarasa Szewczenki w kolekcji Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich: Charakterystyka i losy zbioru.” Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi [Warsaw], vol. 15, no. 2, 2021, published 6 July 2021, pp. 247–91, https://doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2021.666. Accessed 11 Nov. 2023.
Trepke, Vasyl', and Dmytro Herodot. “Zaklyk Ukraїns'koho Komitetu v Rumuniї,” Tryzub [Paris], no. 42, 19 Nov. 1933, pp. 11–12. Digital copy can be accessed in Diasporiana.org.ua: Elektronna biblioteka, diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/29463/file.pdf.
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Beacon Press, 1995.
Vernon, James. Hunger: A Modern History. The Belknap Press of Harvard UP, 2007.
Viola, Lynne. Peasant Rebels under Stalin: Collectivization and the Culture of Peasant Resistance. Oxford UP, 1996.
Waal, Alex de. Mass Starvation: The History and Future of Famine. John Wiley and Sons, 2017.
Wienerberger, Alexander. Die Hungertragödie in Südrussland 1933 [The Famine Tragedy in Southern Russia in 1933]. 1934. HREC—Holodomor Research and Education Consortium, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta: Holodomor Photo Directory, vitacollections.ca/HREC-holodomorphotodirectory/3630343/gallery. Accessed 21 Nov. 2023, photo album, original in Diözesanarchiv-Bibliothek, Vienna.
[———.] Russland wie es wirklich ist! [Russia as It Really Is!]. Vaterländische Front, 1934. Photos of the front and back covers can be viewed in HREC—Holodomor Research and Education Consortium, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta: Holodomor Digital Collections, vitacollections.ca/HREC-holodomordigitalcollections/3655029/data.
Weissman, Benjamin M. Herbert Hoover and Famine Relief to Soviet Russia, 1921–23. Hoover Institution Press, 1974.
Weld, Kirsten. Paper Cadavers: The Archives of Dictatorship in Guatemala. Duke UP, 2014. American Encounters / Global Interactions.
—yi. “Kongres u Vidni dopomohovykh komitetiv holodnym Sovits'koho Soiuzu.” Tryzub [Paris], no. 48, 31 Dec. 1933, pp. 18–20. Digital copy can be accessed in Diasporiana.org.ua: Elektronna biblioteka, diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/29469/file.pdf.
Zhuk, Andrii, compiler. Riatunkova aktsiia dlia Velykoï Ukraïny. Ukrains'kyi Hromads'kyi Komitet Riatunku Ukraїny, 1933.
Z. M. [Zіnaїda Mіrna]. “Den' zhaloby i protestu v Prazi (lyst iz Prahy).” Tryzub [Paris], no. 41, 12 Nov. 1933, pp. 17–21. Digital copy can be accessed in Diasporiana.org.ua: Elektronna biblioteka, diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/29462/file.pdf.
Ukraiński Obywatelski Komitet Ratunku Ukrainy et al. Miscellaneous documents. 1874–1938. Fond 68694 (Ukraiński Obywatelski Komitet Ratunku Ukrainy 1933–34; Naukowe Towarzystwo im. T. Szewczenki we Lwowie—materiały do działalności, korespondencja, zbiory 1919–38; dokumenty i materiały różnych ukraińskich instytucji i organizacji we Lwowie 1874–1936; Ukraiński Komitet Miejski we Lwowie 1921–29; statuty spółdzielni i społek 1889–1936; Towarzystwo “Dnister” 1925–33), Biblioteka Narodowa, Warsaw. Microfilm.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Ⓒ 2023 Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, and EWJUS (East-West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies). For permissions and other inquiries, please contact the Editor-in-Chief: bilenky@ualberta.ca
Author's Rights
The Author transfers and assigns to EWJUS (East-West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies) and the CIUS (Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies), during the full term of copyright and any extensions or renewals of that term, all copyright in and to the Work published in EWJUS by the Author, including but not limited to the right to publish, republish, transmit, sell, distribute and otherwise use the Work in electronic and print editions of EW:JUS and in derivative works throughout the world, in all languages and in all media now known or later developed, and to license or permit others to do so.
Notwithstanding the above, EWJUS grants back to the Author the following distinct rights:
- The non-exclusive right to use, reproduce, distribute, publicly perform, and publicly display the Work in any medium in connection with the Authors’ academic and professional activities, including but not limited to teaching, conference presentations, and lectures.
- The non-exclusive right to create derivative works from the Work.
- The non-exclusive right to make full use of the Work in future research and publications, including the right to republish the Work in whole or in part in any book that one or more of the Authors may write or edit after the Work has appeared.
The Author represents and warrants that the Work is the original work of the Authors and that it does not violate or infringe the law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Work contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy. The Author also warrants that he or she has the full power to make this agreement, and if the Work was prepared jointly, the Author agrees to inform the Authors of the terms of this Agreement and to obtain their written permission to sign on their behalf. The Author agrees to hold the Journal harmless from any breach of the above-mentioned representations.
Works published by EWJUS are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Under the terms of this license:
- You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
